Useful Documents
Short-Term Rentals & Free Movement
- Regulation (EU) 2024/1028 on short-term accommodation rental services (STR Regulation) — common EU rules on registration, data-sharing and enforcement.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1028/oj - Services Directive (2006/123/EC) — framework for authorisation schemes and proportionality of local restrictions.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2006/123/oj
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
- Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065) — horizontal rules for online intermediaries and platforms.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj - Digital Markets Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/1925) — obligations for “gatekeeper” platforms.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/1925/oj - P2B Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2019/1150) — fairness and transparency for business users of online platforms.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1150/oj - E-Commerce Directive (2000/31/EC) — information-society services, liability regime & country-of-origin principle.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2000/31/oj - TRIS/Notification Directive (EU) 2015/1535 — prior notification of national rules affecting digital services.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2015/1535/oj
Data, Cloud & Digital Identity
- Data Act (Regulation (EU) 2023/2854) — access to and use of data from connected products & related services.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/2854/oj - Data Governance Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/868) — data intermediaries, altruism & reuse of public-sector data.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/868/oj - eIDAS 2.0 (Regulation (EU) 2024/1183 amending 910/2014) — European Digital Identity Wallet framework.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1183/oj
Cybersecurity & Products with Digital Elements
- NIS2 Directive (Directive (EU) 2022/2555) — cybersecurity risk-management & reporting duties across sectors.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2022/2555/oj - Cyber Resilience Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/2847) — cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj - AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) — risk-based requirements for AI systems (incl. obligations for platforms).
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
Sustainable Consumption & Product Policy (XaaS angle)
- Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation — ESPR (Regulation (EU) 2024/1781) — durability, reparability & digital product passports.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj - Right-to-Repair Directive (Directive (EU) 2024/1799) — facilitates post-warranty repairs & access to spare parts.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/1799/oj - Empowering Consumers for the Green Transition (Directive (EU) 2024/825) — bans on greenwashing & information duties.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/825/oj
Key CJEU Case Law on STR & Platforms
- Airbnb Ireland (C-390/18) — platform as an information-society service; licensing rules must be properly notified.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A62018CJ0390 - Cali Apartments (C-724/18 & C-727/18) — local permit regimes for short-term rentals must pass strict proportionality.
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A62018CJ0724 - Smartflats (C-813/24, pending) — Brussels regime for STR; questions on town-planning rules, permits & Services Directive.
https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-813/24